A taxonomy of classifiers

I found this taxonomy of classifiers useful:

1. Statistical


• Regression (linear), (logistic)
  
• Naive Bayesan
• Bayesan Networks


2. Structural

• Rule Based (production rules, decision tree, boosting DT, Random Forest)
• Neural Network
• Support Vector Machine
  
• Distance Based
  

• Functional (linear, wavelet)
  
• Nearest Neighbor (kNN, Learning Vector Quantization, Self-organizing maps)

Classifiers are generally combined in an Ensembles of classifiers. Many of the above methods are implemented in OpenCV